WNGZWZSS0110rqql? Geneva>F| AUTOSAVE.WKZ /4)d " 4d *     (pxh@                                        !  "   !@ wavelength@ path@ background@ LampInt@ LampMax@ LampWidth@ wavelength1@ wavelength2@*?@##1@  @1@%MbP?00 01@  @ .%1@ %1@  .% 1@ %1@   @   0.@##1@% 1@/%$/%/@% 1@  0.@%MbP?00 01@+n /%1%@420@) 0 $@2%40.@,0/%0@,/%0@ $@ +@@1@..@..@ %@ +@@%MbP?00 01@% MbP?00 01@%!MbP?00 01 @  Geneva @  Geneva @  Geneva @  Geneva @  Geneva @  Geneva @)֚Times New Roman @  Geneva @  Geneva @ Monaco @ Geneva @) Times New Roman @@ @-  path length background @t Wavelengths 1,2  Absorbance difference % T ?h:3? @G  $6QMx@% T\1P{%2 Q4? wavelength 1 @W @Lamp slit function  absorber A  absorber B  absorber C background stray light total   incident   transmitted photon incidentdetector incident photon trans.detector trans meas. I-zeromeas.-I @ height@?%h:3?3-C6?  absorbance  intensity  intensityMbP?-C6:? @ position@@@y@y@b@ @  width^@Y@Y@I@@@  @f Weight of A, mg  @@  @@%$6Qw@%N??%HL?%%%Cܗ?% D 5?%.f?%.0ݱ?%?CS"% ?0%@ʰ?%a/3%?%*̱? @r  Absorptivity of A, liters/g-cm ? ? ? ?%$6Q x@%Hִ`ڎ??%m.?%%%g[ٗ?% (kʰ?%jd*?%t fa?%Y>>%e< ?%,D"+%&G%Jď#?%zJX? @l   Peak wavelength of A, nm @@@@@@@@%$6Qx@% .??%-6ϛ?%%%b֗?% a#Vaө?%ɘ<;?%)<4?%r%, +%t>%ahJB%'Ę'?%oy? @g   Peak width of A, nm Y@Y@Y@Y@%$6Q-x@%"rѵ?333333?%%Ys?%%%׍ԗ?% s#?%H޵?%7_ s?%=Pu%(>D(%4:J>%Rq ,?%>е?% 6? @c Weight of B, mg@@@@%$6Q=x@%uzx??%M?%%%q}!ї?% "(LWu?%54?%۝?%1NX%zE%,ʂ#?%:(%bl@z?%Ml? @r Absorptivity of B, liters/g-cm????%$6QMx@%jw!$??%/(+?%%%jK9Η?% LȪ?%1?%CQ3]?%8&?%0%#?%3z ?%lU*,?%-摞? @qPeak wavelength of B, nm y@y@y@y@%$6Q]x@%[mԷ??%b݌.Il?%%%-}O˗?% H;?%,3?%3[%?%O{?% f>%[վ%YCU % l?%='C$? @Peak width of B, nm Y@Y@Y@Y@ Average%CoU?%$6Qmx@%i&?333333?%V?%%%"aȗ?% \p?%!˕?%t?%D_D>%$d1B%2+TX?%38G0%o$?%ɂ$f? @Volume of solution. mL???? Standard deviation% HA?%$6Q}x@%_5`A??%U aǟ?%%%6Tqŗ?% o/|ƫ?%&+{N?%MFCW?%j̀?%?lT !(?%*p*%?%+%wPb?%)\? @; Relative standard deviation%2c(y@%$6Qx@%57??%E1ˀ%Qr%pa?%s9x? @% $6Qx@%:XxY??%9 ?%%%?% #su?%*tͺ?%cq6?%aϾ%:W" %iO#% eF?%dt̺?% [o6? @Yanalyte% 嗘?%[? @b interference  absorbance=% e("? @&reagent @E absorbance=|]! @b backgroundOGė? WAVELENGTH 2Z6? @- m?%@%E??%2ä?%%%-dڬ?% h?%o'?%(Z&?%wj4C?%O/u1/%p +% 9%% ?%|?MS? @>Version 1.1, July 2000%@%% ??%ɖ3/_?%%% F#?% N 0?%}"׸?%.1x?%/?L?%nҒ2?%z9>t3%[sk~ ?%~6k?%H?Ƌ&? @ %@%??%Tcn?%%%Ox+~k?% =j"$M?%ag?%y?%8B?%*?%M:HR8?%ޒr?%&b?%CB?`SG @ %@%批?333333?%x񅥘?%%%K?% \E?%5@?%V?%N2%UD%z<@%үCH#%}?%D%,.%%~J%)|N@%Z2n?I/1? @ %Ȃ@%^n??%^u?%%%h'y?% ?'?%y| @%H?%ik%QL&%] u3%_q̼)?%F [?%5,?C(^, @jCell # ? @ @ @%Ђ@%批?333333?%V?%%%[Pf?%  D\?%5@?%!()?%ۤsŜ0?%\Z301?%mIRJ:D?%?%R, S@% ,?Oj!(? @{ Absorbance of A at peak% %?%%?%؂@%??%c?%%%ؙ`?% v?%ag?%3?%ôy\;% :I>%Sލ;%n?%Od ?%w"3?ǡ9/ @{!Absorbance of B at peak%!%!%!?%!?%@%% ??%D\?%%%!3?% NW!?%}"׸?%̃? $'I @" % @%E??%+>-?%%%n}?% ww>?%o'?%7.C?% $;%e@%70m T?% /X 6%Ƒl?% -G?F'? @0#% W55@%P\I3@g[d?P? @4$  absorbance=% tHy%?:mg6+ @%? @&@ji:w2? @''>? @(į0? @)z,"? @*n]2 @+m @,Fp>S? @-zbM @.1? @/ Q{]@? @00 J? @1 ӷ1? @2:sbD @3-9? @4 s@ &''''% RadioButtonsput ctvalue("RadioButtons",0) into A1Replace 30 time>  Replace 30 times>@?>@?.R){Gz?{Gz?0. backgroundAC*7@5readingdefine reading for reading=0 to 30 put 0.02+0.01*rand() into background recalc put I4 into "AC"&reading+23 end for 4(( Chicago ChicagoR@8N@  B4bp  % RadioButtons?9R=($AB$21-$G$24)=$AB$20/$AA$20  Absorbance 1@9R=($AB$37-$G$25)=$AB$36/$AA$36  Absorbance 2@9O*=($AB$21-$G$24)-($AB$37-$G$25)!Absorbance difference@9J*=($AB$21-$G$24)/($AB$37-$G$25)Absorbance ratioput ctvalue("RadioButtons",0) into A1 if A1=1 put "=($AB$21-$G$24)" into I4 put "=$AB$20/$AA$20" into J4 put "Absorbance 1" into I3 end if if A1=2 put "=($AB$37-$G$25)" into I4 put "=$AB$36/$AA$36" into J4 put "Absorbance 2" into I3 end if if A1=3 put "=($AB$21-$G$24)-($AB$37-$G$25)" into I4 put "Absorbance difference" into I3 end if if A1=4 put "=($AB$21-$G$24)/($AB$37-$G$25)" into I4 put "Absorbance ratio" into I3 end if System SystemA1AA2AA1-A2AA1/A2A2pGZ   Chicago Geneva @,Wavelength 2 (nm) Geneva((@1(  HorizSlider0  %&&&&$ HorizSliderput ctvalue("HorizSlider",0) into G5 Chicago Geneva>؂@i@@?@  HorizSlider/ %&&&&$ HorizSliderput ctvalue("HorizSlider",0) into G4 Chicago Geneva$6QMx@i@@?@ Read 30 times, ϴ  Read 30 timesWrhhh>@?>@?.(AC*7@5readingdefine reading for reading=0 to 30 recalc put I4 into "AC"&reading+23 end for 4(( Chicago ChicagoR+   System Helv Helv((>!  Chicago Geneva@,Cuvette, cm Lamp  Geneva Geneva(( *  Chicago Geneva@,Cuvette Changer Geneva(()  Chicago Geneva aa@`,INSTRUCTIONS This is a simulation of a dual-wavelength, uv- visible spectro- photometer. Specify the spectral characteristics and concentrations of the two absorbers A and B in the four cuvettes by typing values into the Cuvette Changer table (cells C9 .. F17). Use the sliders above to change the wavelengths of the two monochromators. Click on the buttons on the left to change the cell path length and lamp type. Click on one of the four cell buttons (#1 ... #4) to change which cell is in the light path. (The current selection is highlighted in red). Click one of the four radio buttons below the absorbance readout to select the readout mode: A1 (absorbance at wavelength 1), A2 (absorbance at wavelength 2), difference mode (A1-A2), or ratio mode (A1/A2). Click the Auto-zero button to zero the readout on the current cell contents. Click the Read once button to take a single reading of absorbance. Click on the Read 30 times button to take 30 readings in quick succession (without removing and replacing the cell) and calculate the mean (average), standard deviation, and percent relative standard deviation of the readout. Click on the Replace 30 times button to simulate removing and replacing the cuvette 30 times (including the effect of changes in background transmission due to cell repositioning error, dust on the cell, particles in solution, etc). Geneva Geneva Geneva Geneva Geneva(( \enoneerenrefill &`Pnonepppp path background " # $ &put 0 into path put 0 into background select object 34 text color Black() select object 35 text color Black() select object 36 text color Black() select object 38 text color Red() unselect recalc(( Chicago GenevaN10ngstenrefill $`10 path){Gz?{Gz?0. background " # $ &put 10 into path put 0.02+0.01*rand() into background select object 34 text color Black() select object 35 text color Black() select object 36 text color Red() select object 38 text color Black() unselect recalc(( Chicago Geneva11.0gstenrefill #`91.0 path){Gz?{Gz?0. background " # $ &put 1 into path put 0.02+0.01*rand() into background select object 34 text color Black() select object 35 text color Red() select object 36 text color Black() select object 38 text color Black() unselect recalc(( Chicago Geneva1%0.1gstenrefill "`!0.1?path){Gz?{Gz?0. background " # $ &put 0.1 into path put 0.02+0.01*rand() into background select object 34 text color Red() select object 35 text color Black() select object 36 text color Black() select object 38 text color Black() unselect recalc(( Chicago Geneva0 Deuteriumefill ^ Deuteriumllll LampMax? LampIntx  LampWidth  put 200 into LampMax put .5 into LampInt put 120 into LampWidth select object 29 text color Black() select object 30 text color Red() unselect recalc(( Chicago Times New RomanDTungstenrefill TungstenddddX LampMax LampIntx  LampWidth   put 600 into LampMax put 2 into LampInt put 120 into LampWidth select object 29 text color Red() select object 30 text color Black() unselect recalc (( Chicago Times New RomanT#4nse & refill P#4$){Gz?{Gz?0. background       !put 0.02+0.01*rand() into background select object 5 text color Black() select object 23 text color Black() select object 24 text color Black() select object 25 text color Red() unselect put F33 into O6 put F11 into O7 put F12 into O8 put F34 into P6 put F15 into P7 put F16 into P8 recalc4(( Chicago Chicago##3nse & refill @#3$){Gz?{Gz?0. background   !    put 0.02+0.01*rand() into background put E33 into O6 put E11 into O7 put E12 into O8 put E34 into P6 put E15 into P7 put E16 into P8 select object 5 text color Black() select object 23 text color Black() select object 24 text color Red() select object 25 text color Black() unselect recalc4(( Chicago Chicago##2nse & refill @#2$){Gz?{Gz?0. background       !put 0.02+0.01*rand() into background select object 5 text color Black() select object 23 text color Red() select object 24 text color Black() select object 25 text color Black() unselect put D33 into O6 put D11 into O7 put D12 into O8 put D34 into P6 put D15 into P7 put D16 into P8 recalc4(( Chicago Chicago# DW Chicago Geneva @,Wavelength 1 (nm) Geneva(( N ChicagoTimes 66@,Dual-wavelength ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometerTimes((#1nse & refill @!#1%){Gz?{Gz?0. background       ! put 0.02+0.01*rand() into background select object 5 text color Red() select object 23 text color Black() select object 24 text color Black() select object 25 text color Black() unselect put C33 into O6 put C11 into O7 put C12 into O8 put C34 into P6 put C15 into P7 put C16 into P8 recalc4(( Chicago Chicago# Read oncen0  Read oncerecalc 4(( Chicago ChicagoR Auto-zeron@ϳ  Auto-zero+++++$recalc put AB21 into g24 put AB37 into g254(( Chicago ChicagoA@  @ (@@ P̗